Causal impact of gut microbiota and associated metabolites on pulmonary arterial hypertension: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

Table 4 The heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy for the causal effect of pulmonary arterial hypertension on gut microbiota and its metabolites

Exposure	Outcome	Method	Q	Q Df	Q P Value	Egger Intercept	SE	P value
Clostridium (innocuum group)	PAH	IVW	28.279	28	0.450
Clostridium (innocuum group)	PAH	MR Egger	28.279	27	0.397	−0.0003	0.025	0.991
Butyricicoccus	PAH	IVW	25.262	29	0.665
Butyricicoccus	PAH	MR Egger	25.226	28	0.615	−0.002	0.012	0.851
Defluviitaleaceae (UCG011)	PAH	IVW	22.572	29	0.796
Defluviitaleaceae (UCG011)	PAH	MR Egger	22.504	28	0.757	−0.004	0.017	0.797
Eisenbergiella	PAH	IVW	20.106	28	0.861
Eisenbergiella	PAH	MR Egger	20.044	27	0.829	0.005	0.021	0.807
Holdemania	PAH	IVW	23.798	29	0.739
Holdemania	PAH	MR Egger	23.785	28	0.693	−0.002	0.016	0.910
Ruminiclostridium5	PAH	IVW	14.705	29	0.987
Ruminiclostridium5	PAH	MR Egger	14.604	28	0.982	0.004	0.012	0.753
Choline	PAH	IVW	49.665	56	0.712
Choline	PAH	MR Egger	48.956	55	0.704	−0.004	0.005	0.404
Carnitine	PAH	IVW	32.506	23	0.090
Carnitine	PAH	MR Egger	29.425	22	0.133	−0.002	0.001	0.143
Betaine	PAH	IVW	19.327	23	0.682
Betaine	PAH	MR Egger	19.301	22	0.627	−0.0003	0.002	0.875
Acetate	PAH	IVW	68.927	58	0.154
Acetate	PAH	MR Egger	68.733	57	0.137	0.0004	0.001	0.690
Indolepropionate	PAH	IVW	18.611	23	0.724
Indolepropionate	PAH	MR Egger	18.376	22	0.684	0.001	0.003	0.632
3-Hydroxybutyrate	PAH	IVW	58.346	58	0.463
3-Hydroxybutyrate	PAH	MR Egger	58.341	57	0.426	−0.0001	0.001	0.943

Df degree of freedom, PAH pulmonary arterial hypertension, IVW Inverse variance weighted, SE standard error, Since none of the genetic variants of trimethylamine N-oxide were found in the variant selection process, it was excluded from analysis

ISSN: 1471-2466