| Normal HRR (n = 34) | Delayed HRR (n = 15) | Effect size (95% CI) | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Sex, female, n (%) | 7 (20.6) | 3 (20.0) | Â | 0.642 | |
Age, years | 60 ± 9 | 67 ± 9 | -7.3 (-12.7– -1.8) | 0.014 | |
Weight, kg | 69.5 (62.3–79.3) | 63.9 (60.0–69.0) |  | 0.059 | |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.4 (21.9–26.9) | 22.9 (21.0–25.0) |  | 0.193 | |
History of smoking, n (%) | 20 (58.8) | 10 (66.7) | Â | 0.604 | |
History of hypertension or diabetes, n (%) | 14 (41.2) | 2 (13.3) | Â | 0.097 | |
mMRC | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–1) |  | 0.443 | |
CAT | 8 (3–13) | 12 (8–16) |  | 0.054 | |
Postbronchodilator pulmonary function | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
FEV1, %pred | 84.5 ± 13.1 | 76.0 ± 26.7 |  | 0.138 | |
GOLD grade, GOLD 1, n (%) | 21 (61.8%) | 5 (33.3%) | Â | Â | 0.066 |
FEV1/FVC, % | 64.6 (61.0–67.6) | 53.5 (48.2–61.1) | 9.6 (4.3–14.9) | 0.003 | |
Prebronchodilator pulmonary function | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
DLCO, %pred | 88.3 ± 20.8 | 70.4 ± 15.6 | 17.9 (5.8–29.9) | 0.005 | |
IC, %pred | 102.2 ± 15.2 | 96.2 ± 29.0 |  | 0.348 | |
RV, %TLC | 41.1 ± 5.9 | 44.1 ± 9.8 |  | 0.183 | |
Imaging | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Lung volume, mL | 5267.6 ± 1128.7 | 5480.0 ± 1112.1 |  | 0.545 | |
LAA950, % the whole lung | 8.4 (4.2–13.1) | 16.8 (9.6–23.6) | -7.1 (-12.0– -2.1) | 0.008 | |
VV, % the whole lung | 3.8 ± 0.7 | 3.1 ± 0.7 | 0.7 (0.2–1.1) | 0.005 | |
Peak cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters (unless otherwise stated) | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
VO2peak, % pred | 88.9 ± 17.3 | 75.7 ± 12.0 | 13.2 (3.3–23.1) | 0.005 | |
VO2 at AT, % pred | 52.2 ± 11.2 | 48.1 ± 9.4 |  | 0.219 | |
RER | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 |  | 0.504 | |
O2 pulse, % pred | 94.1 ± 19.9 | 88.3 ± 13.1 |  | 0.301 | |
Rest HR, bpm | 85 ± 13 | 85 ± 13 |  | 0.933 | |
Peak HR, bpm | 150 ± 16 | 138 ± 14 | 12.0 (2.6–21.3) | 0.011 | |
HRR at 1 min, bpm | 128 ± 17 | 131 ± 15 |  | 0.573 | |
BR, % | 22.3 (7.8–33.9) | 9.5 (-30.2 to 16.1) | 27.1 (9.2–45.0) | 0.02 | |
CR | 0.89 ± 0.22 | 0.79 ± 0.19 |  | 0.169 | |
Nadir VE/VCO2 | 28.4 (26.1–31.2) | 31.6 (29.4–39.2) | -5.2 (-9.0– -1.3) | 0.003 |