Variable | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RR | 95% CI | P-value | RR | 95% CI | P-value | |
Age | 1.015 | 0.998–1.033 | 0.087 | 1.017 | 0.996–1.038 | 0.111 |
Gender | 1.354 | 0.932–1.966 | 0.112 | 0.734 | 0.413–1.304 | 0.291 |
BMI | 0.994 | 0.951–1.039 | 0.783 | 1.028 | 0.979–1.08 | 0.273 |
Smoking status | ||||||
 Former smoker vs. never smoked | 1.12 | 0.674–1.860 | 0.661 | 1.447 | 0.743–2.818 | 0.277 |
 Current smoker vs. never smoked | 1.932 | 1.287–2.901 | 0.001 | 2.392 | 1.237–4.627 | 0.031 |
 Smoking history (pack-yr) | 0.995 | 0.986–1.004 | 0.24 | 0.994 | 0.985–1.003 | 0.198 |
 COPD stage (per increase to next stage) | 0.999 | 0.822–1.213 | 0.991 | 0.936 | 0.745–1.177 | 0.573 |
 Pectoralis major area | 0.967 | 0.923–1.013 | 0.162 | 0.936 | 0.879–0.996 | 0.037 |
 Musculus serratus anterior area | 1.017 | 1.005–1.029 | 0.005 | 1.018 | 0.998–1.038 | 0.086 |
 Intercostal muscle area | 1.023 | 0.996–1.051 | 0.095 | 1.009 | 0.961–1.059 | 0.732 |