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Table 2 Associations between PTB and comorbidities

From: Comorbidity increases the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis: a nested case-control study using multi-source big data

Comorbidities

Cases

n (%)

Controls

n (%)

Unadjusted

Adjusted a

OR (95% CI)

** p-Value

OR (95% CI)

** p-Value

Neoplasms

      

Cancer

144 (3.38)

137 (0.80)

4.78 (3.72, 6.14)

< 0.001

3.15 (2.35, 4.21)

< 0.001

Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs

      

Anemias

67 (1.57)

58 (0.34)

4.88 (3.40, 7.00)

< 0.001

1.56 (1.00, 2.43)

0.090

Endocrine/metabolic diseases

      

Disorders of the thyroid gland

66 (1.55)

63 (0.37)

4.27 (3.01, 6.05)

< 0.001

1.89 (1.24, 2.90)

0.010

Diabetes mellitus

393 (9.21)

605 (3.55)

3.00 (2.61, 3.45)

< 0.001

2.07 (1.76, 2.44)

< 0.001

Metabolic disorders

140 (3.28)

122 (0.72)

4.94 (3.84, 6.35)

< 0.001

1.56 (1.14, 2.14)

0.018

Mental and behavioral disorders

      

Mental disorders

37 (0.87)

57 (0.33)

2.63 (1.73, 4.00)

< 0.001

0.89 (0.51, 1.53)

0.666

Nervous system diseases

      

Inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system

52 (1.22)

31 (0.18)

6.71 (4.3, 10.47)

< 0.001

3.26 (1.84, 5.77)

< 0.001

Epilepsy

12 (0.28)

18 (0.11)

2.67 (1.28, 5.54)

0.008

1.49 (0.66, 3.36)

0.489

Disorders of the peripheral nervous system

49 (1.15)

34 (0.20)

6.26 (3.97, 9.89)

< 0.001

2.07 (1.17, 3.66)

0.032

Diseases of the eye and adnexa

      

Cataract

58 (1.36)

77 (0.45)

3.11 (2.19, 4.39)

< 0.001

1.40 (0.90, 2.17)

0.222

Circulatory system diseases

      

Valvular heart diseases

14 (0.33)

20 (0.12)

2.86 (1.43, 5.72)

0.003

0.77 (0.33, 1.78)

0.617

Hypertensive diseases

614 (14.40)

1538 (9.02)

1.94 (1.73, 2.17)

< 0.001

1.10 (0.95, 1.27)

0.309

Chronic ischemic heart disease

406 (9.52)

653 (3.83)

3.13 (2.71, 3.62)

< 0.001

1.58 (1.31, 1.90)

< 0.001

Pulmonary heart disease and diseases of pulmonary circulation

55 (1.29)

32 (0.19)

7.20 (4.61, 11.24)

< 0.001

1.84 (1.06, 3.19)

0.062

Cardiac arrhythmias

87 (2.04)

101 (0.59)

3.82 (2.82, 5.18)

< 0.001

1.12 (0.76, 1.66)

0.617

Cerebrovascular diseases

290 (6.80)

533 (3.12)

2.54 (2.16, 2.98)

< 0.001

1.28 (1.05, 1.57)

0.035

Respiratory system diseases

      

Chronic lower respiratory diseases

462 (10.83)

224 (1.31)

10.55 (8.82, 12.62)

< 0.001

7.25 (5.98, 8.80)

< 0.001

Interstitial lung diseases

53 (1.24)

13 (0.08)

16.31 (8.89, 29.91)

< 0.001

7.27 (3.61, 14.64)

< 0.001

Digestive system diseases

      

Ulcer diseases

21 (0.49)

43 (0.25)

2.01 (1.18, 3.43)

0.011

0.71 (0.36, 1.40)

0.479

Noninfective enteritis and colitis

53 (1.24)

55 (0.32)

3.89 (2.66, 5.69)

< 0.001

1.82 (1.13, 2.93)

0.032

Chronic liver diseases

22 (0.52)

22 (0.13)

4.22 (2.29, 7.75)

< 0.001

2.28 (1.15, 4.55)

0.041

Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

      

Dermatitis and eczema

25 (0.59)

35 (0.21)

2.89 (1.72, 4.85)

< 0.001

1.31 (0.67, 2.57)

0.590

Papulosquamous disorders

12 (0.28)

16 (0.09)

3.00 (1.42, 6.34)

0.004

1.35 (0.55, 3.35)

0.617

Musculoskeletal/connective tissue diseases

      

Connective tissue diseases

35 (0.82)

19 (0.11)

7.37 (4.22, 12.88)

< 0.001

3.62 (1.87, 7.00)

< 0.001

Intervertebral disc disorders

77 (1.81)

134 (0.79)

2.41 (1.80, 3.22)

< 0.001

1.12 (0.78, 1.60)

0.617

Osteoporosis

14 (0.33)

16 (0.09)

3.62 (1.74, 7.51)

0.001

1.38 (0.57, 3.33)

0.617

Genitourinary system diseases

      

Renal diseases

56 (1.31)

83 (0.49)

2.75 (1.95, 3.88)

< 0.001

1.12 (0.73, 1.72)

0.633

Disorders of prostate

58 (1.36)

99 (0.58)

2.60 (1.84, 3.69)

< 0.001

0.91 (0.58, 1.41)

0.666

Disorders of breast

16 (0.38)

24 (0.14)

2.71 (1.43, 5.14)

0.002

1.76 (0.86, 3.59)

0.214

Inflammatory diseases of female pelvic organs

61 (1.43)

82 (0.48)

3.45 (2.40, 4.95)

< 0.001

2.51 (1.69, 3.72)

< 0.001

  1. a Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for age at index date, sex, and all comorbidities. ** p < 0.05 adjusted for multiple testing using FDR. FDR, false discovery rate
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