Table 1 Cohort 1. University of Ferrara-COPD and controls

Total participants (N)

33

7

16

10

Age

33

71 ± 5

71 ± 9

73 ± 4

NS

Gender (M/F)

33

5/2

9/7

8/2

NS

Smoking history (pack years)

33

0

29 ± 11*

34 ± 11*

P < 0.001

Smoking habit (current/former smoker)

33

0

5/11

2/8

NS

Spirometry

33

7

16

10

FEV1 (% predicted)

33

99 ± 10

104 ± 18

66 ± 10*^{^}

P < 0.001

FEV1/FVC

33

0.78 ± 0.07

0.81 ± 0.10

0.61 ± 0.08*^{^}

P < 0.001

Comorbidities

33

7

16

10

Hypertension N (%)

33

3 (43%)

9 (56%)

6 (60%)

NS

Other cardiovascular diseases N (%)

33

1 (14%)

2 (13%)

2 (20%)

NS

Diabetes mellitus N (%)

33

0

1 (6%)

1 (10%)

NS

Medications

33

7

16

10

Inhaled corticosteroids N (%)

33

0

0

2 (20%)

NS

LABA/SABA/LAMA N (%)

33

0

0

10 (100%)*^§

P < 0.001

Oral corticosteroids N (%)

33

0

0

0

NS

ACEi/ARB N (%)

33

2 (29%)

4 (25%)

3 (30%)

NS

Ca Antagonists/B-blockers N (%)

33

4 (57%)

9 (56%)

5 (50%)

NS