From: Earlier smoking after waking and the risk of asthma: a cross-sectional study using NHANES data
Model | Covariate | Outcome | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Lifetime Asthma | Past-Year Asthma | Past-Year Asthma Attack | ||
OR (95% CI) p- value | OR (95% CI) p-value | OR (95% CI) p value | ||
Unadjusted | Smoking within 5 min. (vs. > 5 min.) | 1.71 (1.26–2.31) p = .001 | 1.72 (1.22–2.43) p = .003 | 1.66 (1.04–2.67) p = .038 |
Adjusted for smoking behaviora | Smoking within 5 min. (vs. > 5 min.) | 1.47 (1.11–1.93) p = .008 | 1.46 (1.06–2.01) p = .024 | 1.31 (0.82–2.09) p = .268 |
Adjusted for smokinga and other covariatesb | Smoking within 5 min. (vs. > 5 min.) | 4.05 (1.35–12.14) p = .015 | 3.95 (0.93–16.84) p = .069 | 5.45 (0.85–34.88) p = .079 |
Smoking within 5 min x SHS | 0.23 (0.08–0.71) p = .014 | 0.20 (0.04–0.90) p = .041 | 0.18 (0.02–1.31) p = .096 | |
Smoking within 5 min x sex | – | 3.21 (1.56–6.64) p = .003 | – |