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Table 1 Comparison of the general data, pulmonary function indicators, C5, and PSG results among the groups

From: Cough hypersensitivity in patients with metabolic syndrome: a clinical finding and its possible mechanisms

Variables

MetS with OSAHS

MetS without OSAHS

Healthy subjects

Case number (male)

29 (18)

22 (15)

25 (13)

Age

42.3 ± 10.9

43.3 ± 9.5

38.0 ± 11.8

BMI (kg/m2)

27.2 ± 2.8#▲

24.3 ± 2.1

22.8 ± 1.9

Neck circumference (cm)

41.6 ± 2.6

38.5 ± 3.4

38.6 ± 3.6

Waist circumference (cm)

 Male

110.1 ± 12.1#

108.1 ± 10.1#

80.3 ± 2.8

 Female

101.8 ± 8.3#

97.0 ± 7.2#

70.1 ± 9.8

SBP (mmHg)

152.9 ± 10.8#

151.8 ± 10.5#

124.2 ± 2.5

DBP (mmHg)

90.5 ± 6.4#

91.9 ± 6.2#

73.2 ± 8.3

Triglyceride (mmol/L)

4.01 ± 1.51#

3.42 ± 0.92#

1.38 ± 0.23

HDL-C (mmol/L)

0.99 ± 0.03#

1.01 ± 0.04#

1.95 ± 0.05

Fasting glucose (mmol/L)

7.5 ± 1.6#

8.2 ± 1.7#

5.3 ± 0.5

GerdQ score (points)

9.1 ± 3.3#

8.7 ± 3.5#

6.1 ± 0.2

ESS score (points)

9.0 (4.0)#â–˛

3.5 (2.0)

2 (2.0)

Cough symptom score

 Daytime (points)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 Night-time (points)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

FVC/predicted value%

90.2 ± 9.7

91.2 ± 10.4

92.2 ± 11.3

FEV1/predicted value%

93.1 ± 11.1

94.3 ± 12.7

94.5 ± 8.6

FEV1/FVC%

82.7 ± 9.2

84.1 ± 9.9

83.9 ± 8.6

FeNO (ppb)

17.0 (14.5)

16.0 (11.0)

14.0 (8.5)

C5(ÎĽmol/L)

7.80 (13.65)#

7.80 (11.70)#

15.60 (15.60)

AHI (times/h)

36.5 ± 10.2#▲

6.2 ± 2.2

3.7 ± 1.6

Minimum oxygen saturation (%)

65.7 ± 11.3#▲

84.1 ± 5.3

89.6 ± 3.2

Average oxygen saturation (%)

81.2 ± 11.7#▲

91.5 ± 10.3

92.4 ± 8.9

Nephritis history (n, %)

5 (17.2)

3 (13.6)

2 (8.0)

History of gastric disease (n, %)

8 (27.6)

5 (18.2)

3 (12.0)

  1. MetS metabolic syndrome, OSAHS obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome, BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, GerdQ gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire, ESS Epworth sleepiness scale, FVC forced vital capcacity, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in one second, FeNO fractional exhaled nitric oxide, C5 the minimum concentrations of inhaled capsaicin that induced ≥ 5 coughs, AHI: apnea–hypopnea index
  2. ▲Compared with the MetS without OSAHS group P < 0.05
  3. #Compared with the healthy control group P < 0.05