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Table 3 Adjusteda associations between location of dwelling with asthma and asthma-like symptoms

From: Childhood asthma, asthma severity indicators, and related conditions along an urban-rural gradient: a cross-sectional study

 

Large urban

(reference)

Small urban

OR (95%CI)

Rural

OR (95%CI)

P-value for trend

Ever asthma

1.00

0.74 (0.51–1.07)

0.57 (0.44–0.75)†

<0.001

Current asthma

1.00

0.84 (0.56–1.28)

0.58 (0.42–0.99)†

0.001

Ever wheeze

1.00

0.99 (0.72–1.36)

0.84 (0.68–1.05)

0.15

Current wheeze

1.00

0.72 (0.47–1.11)

0.76 (0.57–1.01)‡

0.04

Respiratory allergy

1.00

0.86 (0.63–1.17)

0.83 (0.67–1.03)‡

0.08

Hay fever

1.00

0.86 (0.41–1.79)

1.20 (0.77–1.86)

0.48

Eczema

1.00

0.88 (0.61–1.28)

0.83 (0.64–1.07)

0.15

Current cough

1.00

0.79 (0.56–1.11)

0.75 (0.59–0.96)†

0.02

Wheeze limiting speech

1.00

0.96 (0.34–2.71)

1.55 (0.79–3.05)

0.23

Wheeze with exercise

1.00

1.06 (0.67–1.68)

0.80 (0.56–1.12)

0.23

Breathing medication use in the past 12 months

1.00

0.86 (0.59–1.27)

0.72 (0.55–0.96)†

0.02

  1. † p < 0.05 compared to the reference group
  2. ‡ p < 0.10 compared to the reference group
  3. aAdjusted for age, sex, mother’s education level, ethnic background, mother’s smoking status, father’s smoking status, home dampness, home mould