Table 5 Mean total healthcare costs during pre- and post-index periods*

Pharmacotherapy

 PAH-related

  Phosphodiesterase type-5

  inhibitors

2 (0, 4)

5,236 (4963, 5510)

<0.01

  Prostaglandin/prostacyclin

  analogues

1,569 (934, 2204)

2,271 (1574, 2969)

<0.01

  Endothelin receptor antagonists

4,686 (4009, 5363)

5,613 (4867, 6359)

<0.01

  Calcium channel blockers

79 (66, 92)

71 (59, 83)

0.14

  Oral anticoagulants

31 (26, 36)

41 (35, 47)

<0.01

  Diuretics

61 (52, 71)

75 (64, 87)

<0.01

  Oxygen

708 (601, 816)

784 (684, 883)

<0.01

  Cardiac glycosides

4 (3, 5)

5 (4, 6)

<0.01

  Any of above

7,139 (6122, 8156)

14,095 (12982, 15209)

<0.01

 All other

2,714 (2041, 3386)

2,876 (2323, 3428)

0.10

 Total pharmacotherapy

9,853 (8614, 11091)

16,971 (15758, 18184)

<0.01

Outpatient services

 Physician office visits

2,088 (1807, 2368)

1,935 (1603, 2267)

<0.01

 Other outpatient office visits

6,226 (5060, 7391)

5,490 (4245, 6736)

<0.01

 ED visits

355 (270, 440)

310 (209, 411)

<0.01

Total outpatient services

8,668 (7439, 9898)

7,735 (6401, 9070)

<0.01

Hospitalizations

13,743 (9745, 17741)

11,602 (8443, 14762)

0.18

All other

4,979 (3627, 6332)

5,391 (3920, 6863)

0.96

Total

 Exclusive of PAH-related

 medications

30,104 (25422, 34787)

27,605 (23536, 31674)

<0.01

 Inclusive of PAH-related

 medications

37,243 (32467, 42020)

41,700 (37470, 45931)

<0.01